• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to bind HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cells in a flow cytometry assay. When 400 ng of rhNKp44 Fc chimera is added to 2 x 10    ⁵ Hela cells, >25% cells bind to the protein.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived

  Human NKp44 (Gln22 - Pro190) Accession # O95944	IEGRMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100 - Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  No results obtained: Gln22 predicted

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  45 kDa (monomer)

• SDS-PAGE

  61-67 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: NKp44/NCR2

NKp44, along with NKp30 and NKp46, constitute a group of receptors termed "Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors" (NCR) (1). These receptors are expressed almost exclusively by NK cells and play a major role in triggering NK-mediated killing of most tumor cell lines. No rodent ortholog to NKp44 has been identified. Human NKp44, also known as NCR2, is a 44 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is characterized by the presence of one extracellular V-like immunoglobulin domain (2). It is synthesized as a 276 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 171 aa extracellular region, a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 63 aa cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splicing in both the cytoplasmic tail and extracellular region generates multiple isoforms of unknown significance. The Ig-like region is unaffected. A physical association with the ITAM-bearing accessory protein, DAP12, occurs via a charged residue in the NKp44 transmembrane domain. Ligation of NKp44 with a specific antibody results in phosphorylation of DAP12 (3) and activation of target cell lysis in a redirected killing assay (4). NKp44 is absent from resting NK cells but is upregulated upon activation with IL-2. Activation-induced expression occurs in the CD56^dim CD16⁺ NK subset that accounts for more than 85% of NK cells found in peripheral blood and spleen, as well as the CD56^bright CD16^- NK subset that constitutes the majority of NK cells in lymph node and tonsil (5). Studies with neutralizing antibodies reveal that NKp44 is partially responsible for triggering lytic activity against several tumor cell types (2, 6). Blocking any of the individual NCRs results in partial inhibition of tumor cell lysis, but nearly complete inhibition of lysis is observed if all three receptors are blocked simultaneously (6). NKp44 has also been implicated in recognition of virus-infected cells through its capacity to bind to viral hemagglutinins (7).

• References:

1. Moretta, L. and A. Moretta (2004) EMBO J. 23:255.

2. Cantoni, C. et al. (1999) J. Exp. Med. 189:787.

3. Augugliaro, R. et al. (2003) Eur. J. Immunol. 33:1235.

4. Vitale, M. et al. (1998) J. Exp. Med. 187:2065.

5. Ferlazzo, G. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:1455.

6. Pende, D. et al. (1999) J. Exp. Med. 190:1505.

7. Arnon, T. et al. (2001) Eur. J. Immunol. 31:2680.

• Long Name:

  NK Cell Activating Receptor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  9436 (Human)

• Alternate Names:

  CD336 antigen; CD336; LY95; LY95lymphocyte antigen 95 homolog (activating NK-receptor; NK-p44); lymphocyte antigen 95 (activating NK-receptor; NK-p44); Lymphocyte antigen 95 homolog; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2; Natural killer cell p44-related protein; NCR2; NK cell activating receptor (NKp44); NK cell-activating receptor; NKp44; NK-p44dJ149M18.1