• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce cell death using Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 1-6 μg/mL.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived

  Mouse BAMBI/NMA (Glu27-Ala152) Accession # Q9D0L6	IEGRMDP	Mouse IgG2A (Glu98-Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Glu27

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  41 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  48-53 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: BAMBI/NMA

BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI), also called Non-Metastatic Gene A (NMA), is a type I transmembrane protein that shares sequence homology with the TGF-beta type I receptor family and functions as a decoy receptor (1). Mouse BAMBI is synthesized as a 260 amino acid (aa) precursor and has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 29 kDa (1). Its extracellular domain contains only one potential N-glycosylation site, and shares 91% and 98% aa sequence identity with the human and rat orthologs, respectively. BAMBI differs from other members of the TGF-beta RI family in that it has a short cytoplasmic region that lacks the intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain (1, 2). It competes with type I receptors to form heterodimers with type II receptors, thus interfering with BMP, Activin, and TGF-beta signaling (2). In fact, BAMBI is believed to be one component of a negative feedback loop for BMP signaling that serves to increase the dynamic signaling range for BMPs (3, 4). During development, BAMBI is prominently expressed in gastrulation, neurulation, and during the development of teeth and bones, and is often co-expressed with other BMP family members (1-5). BAMBI is also ubiquitously expressed in the adult, with the highest levels being observed in heart, lung, spleen, kidney, bladder, and testes (6). BAMBI expression is induced by TGF-beta and Wnt signaling (7, 8). It cooperates with inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 to inhibit TGF-beta signaling (9). In contrast, BAMBI promotes Wnt signaling via its interactions with Frizzled receptors (10). BAMBI has been shown to modulate various processes including adipogenesis, thrombus formation and stability, cell proliferation, and opioid signaling in neuropathic pain (10-13). Additionally, aberrant BAMBI expression is believed to be a factor in the development of cancer, inflammation, and fibrotic processes (7, 14-18).

• References:

1. Knight, C. et al. (2001) J. Dent. Res. 80:1895.

2. Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.

3. Paulsen, M. et al. (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108:10202.

4. Montero, J.A. et al. (2008) Dev. Biol. 321:343.

5. Grotewold, L. et al. (2001) Mech. Dev. 100:327.

6. Lakoski, K. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:4180.

7. Sekiya, T. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:6840.

8. Sekiya, T. et al. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320:680.

9. Yan, X. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:30097.

10. Lin, Z. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:33053.

11. Luo, X. et al. (2012) Diabetes 61:124.

12. Salles-Crawley, I.I. et al. (2014) Blood 123:2873.

13. Lantero, A. et al. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34:5385.

14. Seki, E. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:1324.

15. Khin, S.S. et al. (2009) Int. J. Cancer 125:328.

16. Fritzmann, J. et al. (2009) Gastroenterology 137:165.

17. Dr?mann, D. et al. (2010) Respir. Res. 11:67.

18. Li, Y.S. et al. (2013) PLoS One 8:e76289.

• Long Name:

  BMP and Activin Membrane-bound Inhibitor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  25805 (Human); 68010 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  BAMBI; BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis); BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog; NMA; NMANon-metastatic gene A protein; Putative transmembrane protein NMA