• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MO7e human megakaryocytic leukemic cells. Avanzi, G.     et al. (1988) Br. J. Haematol.     69:359. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.03-0.3 ng/mL.

• Source

  Spodoptera frugiperda,     Sf 21 (stably transfected)-derived Gln19-Ile144

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  No results obtained. Gln19 inferred from enzymatic pyroglutamate treatment revealing Gly20

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  14 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  12-24 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Background: IL-9

Interleukin-9 (IL-9), also known as P40 and MEA (mast cell growth-enhancing activity), is a 30-40 kDa glycosylated member of a cytokine family that includes Interleukins-2, -4, -7, -15, and -21. These proteins utilize heteromeric receptors containing the Common gamma chain ( gamma c) in addition to ligand-specific subunits. IL-9 interacts selectively with IL-9 R which then associates with gamma c to form the functional receptor complex. IL-9 contributes to allergic inflammation, autoimmunity-induced inflammation, parasite clearance from the GI tract, and Treg-mediated immune suppression (1, 2). It enhances the expansion and recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils as well as the production of IgE and Th2 cytokines (3?6). It is required for anaphylactic responses to ingested allergens but not to systemic allergens (7). IL-9 plays multiple roles in the development and function of subsets within the CD4  ⁺ T cell lineage (8). It is expressed by activated Th9, Th17, Treg, and Th2 cells (3, 9?12). IL-9 acts as an autocrine growth and activation factor for Th17, Treg, and mast cells (3, 11, 13). It also can inhibit immune responses by enhancing the suppressive properties of Treg and by recruiting immune-suppressive mast cells to sites of inflammation (11, 12). Mature human IL-9 shares 57% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-9 (14, 15).

• References:

1. Noelle, R.J. and E.C. Nowak (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10:683.

2. Goswami, R. and M.H. Kaplan (2011) J. Immunol. 186:3283.

3. Nowak, E.C. et al. (2009) J. Exp. Med. 206:1653.

4. Townsend, M.J. et al. (2000) Immunity 13:573.

5. Leech, M.D. and R.K. Grencis (2006) J. Immunol. 176:2505.

6. Fawaz, L.M. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:1208.

7. Osterfeld, H. et al. (2010) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125:469.

8. Jabeen, R. and M.H. Kaplan (2012) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24:303.

9. Tan, C. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6795.

10. Jager, A. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:7169.

11. Elyaman, W. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:12885.

12. Lu, L.-F. et al. (2006) Nature 442:997.

13. Stassen, M. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:5549.

14. Yang, Y.-C. et al. (1989) Blood 74:1880.

15. Renauld, J.-C. et al. (1990) Cytokine 2:9.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 9

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3578 (Human); 16198 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  Cytokine P40; HP40; IL9; IL-9; IL-9homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor 40; interleukin 9; interleukin-9; p40 cytokine; p40 T-cell and mast cell growth factor; P40; T-cell growth factor P40