• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of NIH?3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.

  When 5 x 10⁴ cells per well are added to rat recombinant CD4 coated plates, cell adhesion is enhanced in a dose dependent manner. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.3-1.5 μg/mL.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Met1-Thr394, with a C-terminal 6-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Lys28

• Structure / Form

  Monomer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  41.9 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  50-60 kDa, reducing conditons

Background: CD4

CD4, also known as L3T4, T4, and W3/25, is an approximately 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It is a standard phenotype marker for the identification of T cell populations (1). Mature rat CD4 consists of a 367 amino acid (aa) extracellular region containing four immunoglobulin-like domains, a 23 aa transmembrane segment, and a 40 aa cytoplasmic domain (2). Within the ECD, rat CD4 shares 52% and 73% aa sequence identity with human and mouse CD4, respectively. CD4 is expressed along with CD8 on double positive T cells during their development in the thymus. Either CD4 or CD8 expression is then lost, giving rise to single positive (SP) CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ mature T cells (3). CD4⁺ SP cells, also known as T helper cells, further differentiate into multiple subsets of CD4⁺ cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells which regulate humoral and cellular immunity (4). CD4 is re?expressed on circulating CD8⁺ T cells upon activation and contributes to their cytotoxic effector activity (5). In the rat, CD4 is additionally expressed on macrophages and selected subsets of dendritic cells (6, 7). Similar CD4 distribution between species cannot be assumed as demonstrated by its presence on macrophages in human and rat but not in mouse (6). CD4 binds directly to MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells (8). This interaction contributes to the formation of the immunological synapse which is focused around the TCR-MHC class II-antigenic peptide interaction (1, 9). Palmitoylation of two cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 promotes the localization of CD4 in lipid rafts and its ability to augment TCR signaling via activation of the tyrosine kinase Lck (10). CD4 also functions as a chemotactic receptor for IL-16 and, in human, as a co?receptor for the gp120 surface glycoprotein of HIV-1 (11 ? 14). CD4 associates with CD44 on the cell surface to potentiate CD44-mediated cell adhesion (15).

• References:

1. Vignali, D.A.A. (2010) J. Immunol. 184:5933.

2. Clark, S.J. et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 84:1649.

3. Alarcon, B. and H.M. van Santen (2010) Sci. Signal. 3:pe11.

4. Wan, Y.Y. and R.A. Flavell (2009) Mol. Cell Biol. 1:20.

5. Kitchen, S.G. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102:3794.

6. Crocker, P.R. et al. (1987) J. Exp. Med. 166:613.

7. Liu, L. et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:1146.

8. Doyle, C. and J.L. Strominger (1987) Nature 330:256.

9. Huppa, J.B. et al. (2010) Nature 463:963.

10. Fragoso, R. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 170:913.

11. Cruikshank, W.W. et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91:5109.

12. Klatzmann, D. et al. (1984) Nature 312:767.

13. Dagleish, A.G. et al. (1984) Nature 312:763.

14. Biswas, P. et al. (2003) Blood 101:4452.

15. Umberto D. et al. (1999) International Immunology 11:1085.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  920 (Human); 12504 (Mouse); 24932 (Rat); 403931 (Canine); 493775 (Feline)

• Alternate Names:

  CD4 antigen (p55); CD4 antigen; CD4 molecule; CD4 receptor; CD4; CD4mut; T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4