• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 20-60 ng/mL.

• Source

  Spodoptera frugiperda,     Sf 21 (stably transfected)-derived Ala24-Arg188

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ala24

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  19.2 kDa (monomer)

• SDS-PAGE

  22 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) and VEGF-A, is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues. In human, at least eight alternate splice isoforms of VEGF-A, ranging from 206 amino acids (aa) to 121 aa in length, are known. In zebrafish, two VEGF isoforms, a 165 aa and a 121 aa isoform, have been reported. Mature zebrafish VEGF₁₆₅ shares 64%, 62% and 62% aa sequence identity with frog, human, and mouse VEGF₁₆₅, respectively. There are two tyrosine kinase receptors for VEGF reported in mammals termed VEGF R1 and VEGF R2/FLK-1. One receptor has been identified in zebrafish(FLK-1), and this may actually represent the orthologue to the early common ancestor for mammalian VEGF R1 and R2. All receptors are type I transmembrane proteins that show seven immunoglobulin-like domains extracellularly and a split kinase domain intracellularly. In addition to the tyrosine kinase receptors, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) has been reported to be a coreceptor for VEGF binding. It is proposed that the presence of NRP-1 lowers the concentration of VEGF necessary for activation of VEGF R2. NRP-1 has been reported in both zebrafish and human. VEGF regulates multiple biological functions in endothelial cells, including cell proliferation, migration and survival. These functions of VEGF are mediated partly through the induction of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, as well as upregulation of metalloproteinases. Together with other vascular-specific growth factors such as the Angiopoietins, VEGF have separate but complementary roles in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (1?7).

• References:

1. Laing, D. et al. (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1397:14.

2. Laing, D. and R. Ge (1998) GenBank Accession # AAC14713.

3. Laio, W. et al. (1997) Development 124:381.

4. Lee, P. et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:10470.

5. Thurston, G. (2002) J. Anat. 200:575.

6. Zachary, I. and G. Gliki (2001) Cardiovasc. Res. 49:568.

7. Robinson, C.J. and S.E. Stringer (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.

• Long Name:

  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)

• Alternate Names:

  MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor