• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human CD69 is coated at  5 μg/mL (100 μL/well), the concentration of Recombinant Human Galectin-1 (Catalog # ) that produces a 50% optimal binding response is 0.4-2 μg/mL.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Gly64-Lys199 with an N-terminal 9-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  His

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  20-30 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: CD69

CD69, also known as CLEC2C, is a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein in the C-type lectin family. It plays roles in immune cell trafficking, inflammation, T cell memory, and humoral immune responses (1). Mature human CD69 consists of a 40 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 138 aa extracellular domain with one C-type lectin domain (CTL) (2-4). Within the ECD, human CD69 shares 57% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat CD69. CD69 is expressed on the cell surface as an approximately 60 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer (3-5). It is found on CD4  ⁺ T cells, CD8  ⁺ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, gamma delta cells dendritic cells (DC) and is up-regulated on activated T cells and DC (6-8). Ligation of CD69 on DC induces IL-2 production, leading to T cell proliferation (6). CD69 is important for the homing of CD4  ⁺ T cells and plasmablasts to the bone marrow but inhibits the migration of dermal DC to draining lymph nodes (7, 9). It supports the expression of multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors but suppresses the expression of others (10, 11). It associates with and negatively regulates S1P1 expression on DC and CD4  ⁺ T cells, resulting in a decreased chemotactic response to S1P (7, 12, 13). S1P1 similarly inhibits the cell surface expression of CD69 (12). The direct interaction of CD69 with Galectin-1 contributes to the ability of CD69 to limit Th17 mediated inflamamtion while supporting the differentiation of regulatory T cells (8, 10, 13-16). In various disease models, CD69 has been shown to have both enhancing and inhibitory effects on Th17 and Th2 cell mediated inflammation (8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17).

• References:

1. Gonzalez-Amaro, R. et al. (2013) Trends Mol. Med. 19:625.

2. Ziegler, S.F. et al. (1993) Eur. J. Immunol. 23:1643.

3. Hamann, J. et al. (1993) J. Immunol. 150:4920.

4. Lopez-Cabrera, M. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 178:537.

5. Bieber, T. et al. (1992) J. Invest. Dermatol. 98:771.

6. Alari-Pahissa, E. et al. (2012) J. Leukoc. Biol. 92:145.

7. Lamana, A. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1503.

8. Radulovic, K. et al. (2012) J. Immunol. 188:2001.

9. Shinoda, K. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109:7409.

10. Radulovic, K. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8:e65413.

11. Hasegawa, A. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8:e65494.

12. Shiow, L.R. et al. (2006) Nature 440:540.

13. Martin, P. et al. (2010) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126:355.

14. Martin, P. et al. (2010) Mol. Cell. Biol. 30:4877.

15. de la Fuente, H. et al. (2014) Mol. Cell. Biol. 34:2479.

16. Cruz-Adalia, A. et al. (2010) Circulation 122:1396.

17. Miki-Hosokawa, T. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:8203.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  969 (Human); 12515 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  activation inducer molecule (AIM/CD69); Activation inducer molecule; AIM; BL-AC/P26; CD69 antigen (p60, early T-cell activation antigen); CD69 antigen; CD69 molecule; CD69; CLEC2CC-type lectin domain family 2 member C; C-type lectin domain family 2, member C; EA1; EA-1; early activation antigen CD69; early lymphocyte activation antigen; Early T-cell activation antigen p60; GP32/28; Leu23; Leukocyte surface antigen Leu-23; MLR-3; p60