• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3 antibody induced IL-2 secretion in human T lymphocytes. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 2-10 μg/mL.    
   

• Source

  Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived

  Cynomolgus Monkey PD-L1 (Phe19-Thr239) Accession # XP_005581836	IEGRMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Phe19

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  52 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  58-75 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: PD-L1/B7-H1

B7-H1, also known as PD-L1 and CD274, is an approximately 65 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the B7 family of immune regulatory molecules (1, 2). Mature cynomolgus B7-H1 consists of a 220 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with two immunoglobulin-like domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 30 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the ECD, cynomolgus B7-H1 shares 92%, 72%, and 72% aa sequence identity with human, mouse, and rat B7-H1, respectively. In addition, cynomolgus B7-H1 shares 98%, 94%, 94%, 88%, 78%, 98%, 95%, 94%, and 94% aa sequence identity with rhesus macaque, chimpanzee, sumatran orangutan, white-tufted-ear marmoset, Garnett's greater bushbaby, olive baboon, green monkey, western lowland gorilla, and northern white-cheeked gibbon B7-H1, respectively. B7-H1 is expressed on inflammatory-activated immune cells including macrophages, T cells, and B cells (3-6), keratinocytes (7, 8), endothelial and intestinal epithelial cells (8, 10), as well as a variety of carcinomas and melanoma (10, 11). B7-H1 is a B7 ligand and binds to B7-1/CD80 and PD-1 receptors on T cells (6, 7, 11-14). It suppresses T cell activation and proliferation (4, 7, 13, 15) and induces the apoptosis of activated T cells (10). It plays a role in the development of immune tolerance by promoting T cell anergy (6, 13) and enhancing regulatory T cell development (15). B7-H1 favors the development of  
anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-22 producing dendritic cells (4, 9) and inhibits the development of Th17 cells (15). In cancer, B7-H1 provides resistance to T cell mediated lysis, enhances EMT, and enhances the tumorigenic function of Th22 cells (5, 8, 11, 14). B7-H1/PD-1 coinhibitory pathway was exploited therapeutically resulting in remarkable outcomes with 20-90% response in various types of cancer (16).

• References:

1. Ceeraz, S. et al. (2013) Trends Immunol. 34:556.

2. Dong, H. et al. (1999) Nat. Med. 5:1365.

3. Tamura, H. et al. (2001) Blood 97:1809.

4. Chen, L. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:6634.

5. Kuang, D.-M. et al. (2014) J. Clin. Invest. 124:4657.

6. Tsushima, F. et al. (2007) Blood 110:180.

7. Mazanet, M.M. and C.C.W. Hughes (2002) J. Immunol. 169:3581.

8. Cao, Y. et al. (2010) Cancer Res. 71:1235.

9. Scandiuzzi, L. et al. (2014) Cell Rep. 6:625.

10. Dong, H. et al. (2002) Nat. Med. 8:793.

11. Azuma, T. et al. (2008) Blood 111:3635.

12. Butte, M.J. et al. (2008) Mol. Immunol. 45:3567.

13. Park, J.-J. et al. (2010) Blood 116:1291.

14. Ritprajak, P. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 184:4918.

15. Herold, M. et al. (2015) J. Immunol. 195:3584.

16. Bardhan K. et al. (2016); Front Immunol. 7:550.

• Long Name:

  B7 Homolog 1

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  29126 (Human); 60533 (Mouse); 499342 (Rat); 484186 (Canine); 102145573 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

• Alternate Names:

  B7-H; B7H1; B7-H1; B7H1PDCD1L1; CD274 antigenMGC142294; CD274 molecule; CD274; PDCD1L1; PDCD1LG1; PDCD1LG1MGC142296; PDL1; PD-L1; PD-L1B7 homolog 1; PDL1PDCD1 ligand 1; programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Programmed death ligand 1