• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using SH?SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 2-8 ng/mL. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Recombinant Mouse GFR alpha ?3/GDNF R alpha ?3 Fc Chimera (Catalog # ) at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Recombinant Mouse Artemin with an apparent K    _D <1 nM.  

• Source

  E. coli-derived Ala112-Gly224

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ala112

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  12 kDa (monomer)

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Artemin

Artemin is a member of the Glia Cell-Derived Neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands, which include GDNF, Persephin, Artemin, and Neurturin. GDNF family ligands are distant members of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily (1-4). Similar to other TGF-beta family proteins, Artemin is synthesized as a large precursor protein that is cleaved at the dibasic cleavage site (RXXR) to release the carboxy-terminal domain. The carboxy-terminal domain of Artemin contains the characteristic seven conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine-knot and the single interchain disulfide bond. Biologically active Artemin is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the carboxy-terminal 113 amino acid residues. Mature mouse Artemin shares 88.5% amino acid sequence similarity with human Artemin. Mature Artemin also shares approximately 40% amino acid sequence identity with the other three members of the GDNF family ligands (5). Bioactivities of all GDNF family ligands are mediated through a receptor complex composed of a high affinity ligand binding component (GFR alpha -1-GFR alpha -4) and a common signaling component, cRET (receptor tyrosine kinase) (5-8). Artemin prefers to bind to GFR alpha -3 and activites the GFR alpha -3-RET. However, in the presence of RET, it can bind to GFR alpha -1 as well (4, 5, 9). Artemin has been shown to promote the survival and growth of various peripheral and central neurons, including sympathetic and dopaminergic neurons. It may also play an important role in the development of sympathetic neurons and several organs (5, 10, 11).

• References:

1. Lin, L-F.H. et al. (1993) Science 260:1130.

2. Milbrandt, J. et al. (1998) Neuron 20:245.

3. Kotzbauer, P.T. et al. (1996) Nature 384:467.

4. Baloh, R.H. et al. (1998) Neuron 21:1291.

5. Takahashi, M. (2001) Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews 12:361.

6. Baloh, R.H. et al. (1997) Neuron 18:793.

7. Jing, S. et al. (1996) Cell 85:1113.

8. Jing, S. et al. (1997) J Biol Chem 272:33111.

9. Nishino, J. et al. (1999) Neuron 23:725.

10. Enomoto, H. et al. (2001) Development 128:3963.

11. Andres, R. et al. (2001) Development 128:3685.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  9048 (Human); 11876 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  Artemin; ARTN; Enovin; EVN; EVNneurotrophic factor; NBN; Neublastin