• Purity

  >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.03-0.3 μg/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Arg105-His249, with an N-terminal Met and a 6-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: TWEAK/TNFSF12

TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a type II transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF superfamily and has been designated TNFSF12. Mouse TWEAK is a 249 amino acid (aa) protein with an N-terminal 21 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane region and a 204 aa C-terminal extracellular domain (1). The primary structures of the extracellular domains of human and mouse TWEAK are 88% identical. A soluble form of TWEAK is generated from the
membrane-associated molecules by proteolytic cleavage suggesting that TWEAK may have long-range effects. TWEAK is expressed widely in many tissues and cells (1). Although TWEAK has been proposed as a ligand that signals through the death domain receptor 3 (DR3) (2), a TNF receptor superfamily member currently designated TNFRSF25, subsequent studies did not demonstrate binding of TWEAK to cell lines that express DR3 (3). In cells that lack DR3, TWEAK has been shown to bind TWEAK receptor (TWEAK R), a novel TNF receptor superfamily member designated TNFRSF12A (4-7). TWEAK R, also known as fibroblast growth
factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), is a growth factor-inducible immediate-early response gene that is expressed in fibroblasts, hepatocellular carcinomas and endothelial cells. TWEAK-TWEAK R interaction has been shown to promote NF-kappa B activation and mediate multiple cell death pathways. On endothelial cells, TWEAK R plays a role in endothelial cell growth and migration. This effect of TWEAK is not due to up-regulation of VEGF (8).

• References:

1. Chicheportiche, Y. et al. (1997) J. Biol Chem. 272:32401.

2. Marsters, S. et al. (1998) Current Biol. 8:525.

3. Kaptein, A. et al. (2000) FEBS Letters, 485:135.

4. Schneider, P. et al. (1999) Eur. J. Immunol. 29:1785.

5. Nakayama, M. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:734.

6. Feng, S.L. et al. (2000) Am. J. Pathol. 156:1253.

7. Wiley, S.R. et al. (2001) Immunity 15:837.

8. Lynch, C. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 274:8455.

• Long Name:

  TNF-like and Weak Inducer of Apoptosis

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  8742 (Human); 21944 (Mouse); 360548 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  APO3 ligand; APO3LMGC20669; DR3LGTWEAKAPO3/DR3 ligand; MGC129581; TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis; TNFSF12; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 12; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12; TWEAK