• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce Smad2 phosphorylation in P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Yeo, C.     et al. (2001) Mol. Cell.     7:949. Approximately 100 ng/mL of Recombinant Mouse Nodal can effictively induce Smad2 phosphorylation.

• Source

  E. coli-derived His245-Leu354, with an N-terminal Met

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  13 kDa (monomer)

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Nodal

Nodal is a secreted protein that is a member of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily. Nodal was named for its localized expression in the mouse node during gastrulation, and is first detected in the early primitive streak during mesoderm formation. Expression of the Nodal gene occurs asymmetrically in the left, but not right, lateral plate during somitogenesis. Nodal proteins play crucial roles in mesoderm formation and both anterior-posterior and left-right axis formation during vertebrate development. Members of the Nodal gene family include mouse Nodal, chick cNR-1, frog Xnr1-4, and zebrafish cyclops. Biologically active Nodal is a disulfide-linked homodimer and contains all seven of the cysteine residues necessary for formation of the “cysteine knot” characteristic of TGF-beta -related molecules. Mouse Nodal is 34 - 39% homologous in the conserved region to other TGF-beta superfamily members. Nodal has been shown to signal through a mechanism related to the Activin pathway, and signaling is mediated through both Smad2 and 3. Nodal signaling utilizes type II Activin receptors, together with ALK4/ActRIB, or the orphan type I receptor ALK7. Nodal interacts extracellularly with members of other protein families, including Cerberus, Lefty, and EGF-CFC ligands, such as Cripto. While the Cerberus and Lefty families act as Nodal antagonists, the EGF-CFC molecules act as co-receptors to facilitate Nodal signaling. The resulting concert of regulated Nodal activity allows for the precise control of mesoderm formation, neural patterning, and axis positioning and patterning during early vertebrate development.

• References:

1. Kumar, A. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:656.

2. Reissmann, E. et al. (2001) Genes & Dev. 15: 2010.

3. Schier, A. and M. Shen (1999) Nature 403:385.

4. Zhou, X. et al. (1993) Nature 361:543.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  4838 (Human); 18119 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  BMP-16; MGC138230; nodal homolog (mouse); nodal homolog; Nodal; nodal, mouse, homolog