• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conn, G.     et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA     87:1323. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.75-3.75 ng/mL.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Ala27-Arg190

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ala27

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  19.2 kDa (monomer)

• SDS-PAGE

  25 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by a cysteine-knot structure formed by eight conserved cysteine residues (4). Alternately spliced isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) have been identified in humans, with 120, 164 and 188 aa isoforms found in rat and mouse (2, 4). Isoforms other than VEGF₁₂₀ and VEGF₁₂₁ contain basic heparin-binding regions and are not freely diffusible (4). Rat VEGF₁₆₄ shares 97% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse, 88% with human and bovine, 89% with porcine and canine, and 90% with feline and equine VEGF, respectively. VEGF binds the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells (4). Although affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). Human VEGF₁₆₅ binds the semaphorin receptor, neuropilin-1 and promotes complex formation with VEGF R2 (5). VEGF is required during embryogenesis to regulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells (3, 4). In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle (3). Pathologically, it is involved in tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage (6, 7). Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (8). VEGF is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, oncostatin M and TNF-alpha (3, 4, 9).

• References:

1. Conn, G. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 87:2628.

2. Ishii, H. et al. (2001) Arch. Oral Biol. 46:77.

3. Byrne, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Cell. Mol. Med. 9:777.

4. Robinson, C.J. and Stringer, S.E. (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.

5. Pan, Q. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:24049.

6. Weis, S.M. & D.A. Cheresh (2005) Nature 437:497.

7. Thurston, G. (2002) J. Anat. 200:575.

8. Carvalho, J.F. et al. (2007) J. Clin. Immunol. 27:246.

9. Angelo, L.S. & R. Kurzrock (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. 13:2825.

• Long Name:

  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)

• Alternate Names:

  MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor