• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using RT4?D6P2T rat schwannoma cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.1-0.6 μg/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Glu26-Gln174, with a N-terminal Met

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  16 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: Reg3A

Reg3A (Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha), also known as Reg III-alpha, PAP2 (pancreatitis-associated protein 2), and Lithostathine 3 in rats, or HIP/PAP (human islet peptide/PAP) in humans, is a secreted 16-17 kDa type III member of the Reg family, which is the group 7 subfamily of C-type lectins (1, 2). The four type III genes ( alpha -δ) in the rat Reg family are thought to have cell-protective and proliferative effects (2-4). Like other Reg proteins, the 149 amino acid (aa) mature rat mouse Reg3A (aa 26?174) contains a small, trypsin-cleavable PAP domain (aa 26-36) and a C-type lectin domain (2, 5).  Mature rat Reg3A shares 82% and 58% aa sequence identity with mouse and human Reg3A, (also called HIP/PAP) respectively. Rodent Reg3A is mainly expressed in the intestinal tract and the exocrine pancreas by acinar cells and islet alpha  cells;, and it is up-regulated by IL-6 enhances expression (1, 3, 6, 7). Pancreatic Reg3A expression is also increased in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (4). In the rat brain, nerve injury and inflammation increase Reg3A expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons, while low dopamine levels duringin stress induce its production by melanocytes (8, 9). Treatment of rat macrophages with Reg3A causes up-regulation of NFkB signaling and modulation of cytokine production (2, 10). In humans, Reg3A expression and proteolytic activation in the small intestine areis thought to have a protective effect against infection and TNF-alpha -induced stress (11).

• References:

1. Narushima, Y et al. (1997) Gene 185:159.

2. Viterbo, D. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:1959.

3. Cui, W. et al. (2009) Growth Factors 27:195.

4. Lu, Y. et al. (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291:E50.

5. Graf, R. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:21028.

6. Wang, Y. et al. (2011) Growth Factors 29:72.

7. Gurr, W. et al. (2007) Diabetes 56:34.

8. He, S.Q. et al. (2010) Mol. Pain 6:23.

9. Konishi, H. et al. (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 407:7.

10. Viterbo, D. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:1948.

11. Medveczky, P. et al. (2009) Biochem. J. 420:335.

• Long Name:

  Regenerating Islet-derived IIIa

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  5068 (Human); 19694 (Mouse); 171162 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas; HIPpancreatitis-associated protein; Human proislet peptide; Lithostathine 3; pancreatic beta cell growth factor; Pancreatitis-associated protein 1; PAP homologous protein; PAP1FLJ18565; PAP2; PAPPAP-H; PBCGF; proliferation-inducing protein 34; proliferation-inducing protein 42; Reg III-alpha; REG3; Reg3A; REG-3-alpha; regenerating islet-derived 3 alpha; regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha; Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha; REG-III