• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to inhibit BMP-4-induced alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.04?0.2 μg/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL of Recombinant Human BMP?4 (Catalog # ).

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Gln28-Cys232

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  No results obtained: Gln28 predicted    
   

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer    
   

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  23 kDa (monomer)

• SDS-PAGE

  30-33 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Background: Noggin

Noggin is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (1, 2). Human Noggin cDNA encodes a 232 amino acid (aa) precursor protein; cleavage of a 19 aa signal peptide generates the 213 aa mature protein which contains an N-terminal acidic region, a central basic heparin?binding segment and a C-terminal cysteine-knot structure (2). Secreted Noggin probably remains close to the cell surface due to its binding of heparin?containing proteoglycans (3). Noggin is very highly conserved among vertebrates, such that mature human Noggin shares 99%, 99%, 98%, 97% and 89% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine, equine and chicken Noggin, respectively. Noggin binds some BMPs such as BMP-4 with high affinity and others such as BMP-7 with lower affinity. It antagonizes BMP bioactivities by blocking epitopes on BMPs that are needed for binding to both type I and type II receptors (2, 4). During embryogenesis, Noggin antagonizes specific BMPs at defined times, for example, during neural tube, somite and cardiomyocyte growth and patterning (5-7). During skeletal development, Noggin prevents chondrocyte hyperplasia, thus allowing proper formation of joints (4). Mutations within the cysteine-knot region of human Noggin are linked to multiple types of skeletal dysplasias that result in apical joint fusions (8). Noggin is expressed in defined areas of the adult central nervous system and peripheral tissues such as lung, skeletal muscle and skin (1). During culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or neural stem cells under certain conditions, addition of Noggin to antagonize BMP activity may allow stem cells to proliferate while maintaining their undifferentiated state, or alternatively, to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons (6, 9 - 13). Noggin also appears to maintain adult stem cell populations in-vivo, for example, maintaining neural stem cells within the hippocampus (13).

• References:

1. Valenzuela, D.M. et al. (1995) J. Neurosci. 15:6077.

2. Groppe, J. et al. (2002) Nature 420:636.

3. Paine-Saunders, S et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:2089.

4. Brunet, L. J. et al. (1998) Science 280:1455.

5. McMahon, J. A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12:1438.

6. Itsykson, P. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 30:24.

7. Yuasa, S. et al. (2005) Nat. Biotechnol. 23:607.

8. Gong, Y. et al. (1999) Nat. Genet. 21:302.

9. Xu, R.-H. et al. (2005) Nat. Methods 2:185.

10. Wang, G. et al. (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330:934.

11. Chaturvedi, G. et al. (2009) Cell Prolif. 42:425.

12. Chiba, S. et al. (2008) Stem Cells 26:2810.

13. Bonaguidi, M.A. et al. (2008) J. Neurosci. 28:9194.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  9241 (Human); 18121 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  NOG; Noggin; SYM1; symphalangism 1 (proximal); synostoses (multiple) syndrome 1; SYNS1