• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. In a 100 μL reaction mixture containing rmCerberus 1 at 1 μg/mL and rhBMP-4 (Catalog # 314-BP) dilutions at 0.02?3 μg/mL, the concentration of    
  rhBMP-4 that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is found to be approximately 0.2-0.8 μg/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Asp18-Pro272, with an N-terminal Met

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  28.7 kDa (monomer)

• SDS-PAGE

  34 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Cerberus 1

Cerberus 1, also called DAND4, is a member of the DAN domain family of BMP antagonists that includes DAN (DAND1), Gremlin/Drm (DAND2), PRDC (Protein Related to Dan and Cerberus; DAND3), and COCO/Dante (DAND5). DAN family members contain a cysteine-knot domain that is homologous to that found in other TGF-beta superfamily ligands (1, 2). Mature mouse Cerberus 1 shares 40%, 29%, and 66% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with chick, Xenopus, and human Cerberus 1, respectively. Within the cysteine-knot domain, it shares 24% - 37% aa sequence identity with mouse DAN, Gremlin, PRDC, and COCO. Cerberus 1 is a secreted 38 kDa glycoprotein that forms disulfide-linked homodimers (3). Cerberus-S, which is generated by proteolysis in Xenopus, is a short version of the molecule and includes the C-terminal cysteine-knot domain (4). At the onset of gastrulation, Cerberus 1 is transiently expressed in anterior endodermal structures in response to Nodal and Shh (3, 5 - 9). Cerberus 1 binds BMP-4 and Nodal and inhibits their activities. Xenopus Cerberus has also been shown to bind Xenopus Wnt8. These inhibitory functions of Cerberus favor mesodermal development in the anterior region of the gastrula and suppresses posterior mesodermal differentiation (3, 4, 6, 8, 10 - 12). In chick and Xenopus, Cerberus 1 also regulates, but is not required for embryonic left-right polarization, neurulation, and head and heart induction (4 - 8, 13).

• References:

1. Avsian-Kretchmer, O. and A.J.W. Hsueh (2004) Mol. Endocrinol. 18:1.

2. Kawano, Y. and R. Kypta (2003) J. Cell Sci. 116:2627.

3. Biben, C. et al. (1998) Dev. Biol. 194:135.

4. Piccolo, S. et al. (1999) Nature 397:707.

5. Zhu, L. et al. (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:931.

6. Tavares, A.T. et al. (2007) Development 134:2051.

7. Foley, A.C. et al. (2007) Dev. Biol. 303:57.

8. Bouwmeester, T. et al. (1996) Nature 382:595.

9. Bertocchini, F. and C.D. Stern (2002) Dev. Cell 3:735

10. Glinka, A. et al. (1997) Nature 389:517.

11. Perea-Gomez, A. et al. (2002) Dev. Cell 3:745.

12. Takaoka, K. et al. (2007) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 17:344.

13. Simpson, E.H. et al. (1999) Dev. Biol. 213:202.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  9350 (Human); 12622 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  CER1; cerberus 1 (Xenopus laevis) homolog (cysteine knot superfamily); Cerberus 1; cerberus 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis); cerberus; cerberus-related 1; Cerberus-related protein; DAN domain family member 4; DAND4; MGC119894; MGC119895; MGC96951