• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3 antibody induced IL-2 secretion in human T lymphocytes. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.6-3 μg/mL.    
   

• Source

  Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived

  Cynomolgus Monkey VISTA/B7-H5 (Phe33-Ala194) Accession # XP_005565644	IEGRMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Phe33

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  45 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  62-71 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: VISTA/B7-H5/PD-1H

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), also known as platelet receptor Gi24, Dies1, SISP1, PD-1H, and B7?H5, is a 45-55 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with homology to B7-like immune co-stimulatory molecules (1, 2). Mature cynomologus VISTA contains a 162 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with one V-type Ig-like domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 96 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the ECD, cynomologus VISTA shares 96% and 69% aa sequence identity with human and mouse VISTA, respectively. The 30 kDa ECD can be shed by MT1?MMP, with a 25-30 kDa fragment remaining in the membrane (3). VISTA promotes both MT1?MMP expression and the MT1-MMP mediated activation of MMP-2 (3). VISTA supports the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and enhances BMP4 induced signaling in ESC, but is also down regulated following BMP4 exposure (4, 5). It binds to BMP4 directly, and also associates with the type I BMP receptor Activin RIB/ALK 4 (4, 5). VISTA is highly expressed on mature CD11b high myeloid-derived APCs and to a lesser extent on CD4+, CD8+, and T regs and is also found on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (7). It is up regulated   in vivo on activated monocytes and dendritic cells (5). VISTA inhibits CD4  ⁺ and CD8  ⁺ T cell proliferation, and their production of IL2 and IFN-gamma (6). Its expression on tumor cells attenuates the antitumor immune response and enables more rapid tumor progression (6). In contrast, VISTA limits disease progression in the autoimmune disease model EAE (6). VISTA-Ig suppressed proliferation of T cells but not B cells and blunted the production of T cell cytokines and activation markers, suggesting that VISTA as a negative checkpoint regulator suppresses T cell activation (8, 9).

• References:

1. Flajnik, M.F. et al. (2012) Immunogenetics 64:571.

2. Wilcox, R.A. et al. (2012) Eur. J. Haematol. 88:465.

3. Sakr, M.A. et al. (2010) Cancer Sci. 101:2368.

4. Aloia, L. et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem.285:7776.

5. Parisi, S. et al. (2012) FASEB J. 26:3957.

6. Wang, L. et al. (2011) J. Exp. Med. 208:577.

7. Flies, D.B. et al (2014) J Clin Invest. 124:1966.

8. Lines, J.L. et al. (2014) Cancer Res. 74:1924.

9. Nowak, E.C. et al. (2017) Immunol Rev. 276:66.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  64115 (Human); 74048 (Mouse); 690899 (Rat); 102116468 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

• Alternate Names:

  4632428N05Rik; B7H5; B7-H5; C10orf54; chromosome 10 open reading frame 54; Dies1; Gi24; PD1H; PD-1H; platelet receptor Gi24; PP2135; SISP1; stress induced secreted protein 1; VISTA