• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human TIM?3 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. Does not cross-react with recombinant human (rh) TIM?1, rhTIM?4, recombinant mouse (rm) TIM?1, rmTIM?2, rmTIM?3, rmTIM?5, or rmTIM?6.

• Source

  Monoclonal Rat IgG    _2A Clone # 344823

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human TIM?3    
  Ser22-Arg200    
  Accession # Q8TDQ0.2

• Formulation

  Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 700

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  5 μL/10    ⁶ cells

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Protect from light.    Do not freeze.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.

Background: TIM-3

TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3) is a 60 kDa member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules. TIMs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins with one Ig-like V-type domain and a Ser/Thr-rich mucin stalk (1-3). There are three TIM genes in human and eight in mouse. Mature human TIM-3 consists of a 181 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 78 aa cytoplasmic tail (4). An alternately spliced isoform is truncated following a short substitution after the Ig-like domain. Within the ECD, human TIM-3 shares 58% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat TIM-3. TIM-3 is expressed on the surface of effector T cells (CD4⁺ Th1 and CD8⁺ Tc1) but not on helper T cells (CD4⁺ Th2 and CD8⁺ Tc2) (4, 5). In chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and some cancers, TIM-3 is upregulated on several other hematopoietic cell types. It also occurs on hippocampal neurons (7-10). The Ig domain of TIM-3 interacts with a ligand on resting but not activated Th1 and Th2 cells (5, 11). The glycosylated Ig domain of TIM-3 binds cell-associated galectin-9. This induces TIM-3 Tyr phosphorylation and proapoptotic signaling (8, 12). TIM-3 functions as a negative regulator of Th1 cell activity. Its blockade results in increased IFN-gamma production, Th1 cell proliferation and cytotoxicity (5, 10, 11, 13), regulatory T cell development (5), and increases in macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation (14). Soluble mouse TIM-3 constructs which lack the cytoplasmic domain have been shown to inhibit anti-tumor effector T cell responses and to enhance autoimmune reactions (5, 15).

• References:

1. Anderson, A.C. and D.E. Anderson (2006) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 18:665.

2. Mariat, C. et al. (2005) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 360:1681.

3. Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Trends Mol. Med. 11:362.

4. Monney, L. et al. (2002) Nature 415:536.

5. Sanchez-Fueyo, A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1093.

6. Khademi, M. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7169.

7. Wiener, Z. et al. (2007) J. Invest. Dermatol. 127:906.

8. van de Weyer, P.S. et al. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351:571.

9. Gielen, A.W. et al. (2005) J. Neuroimmunol. 164:93.

10. Oikawa, T. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:4281.

11. Sabatos, C.A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1102.

12. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.

13. Koguchi, K. et al. (2006) J. Exp. Med. 203:1413.

14. Frisancho-Kiss, S. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:6411.

15. Geng, H. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:1411.

• Long Name:

  T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-3

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  84868 (Human); 171285 (Mouse); 102141722 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

• Alternate Names:

  CD366; FLJ14428; HAVCR2; HAVcr-2; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; kidney injury molecule-3; T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3; T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3; TIM 3; TIM3 T-cell membrane protein 3; TIM3; TIM-3; TIMD-3; TIMD3KIM-3