• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human TIM?3 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. Does not cross-react with recombinant human (rh) TIM?1, rhTIM?4, recombinant mouse (rm) TIM?1, rmTIM?2, rmTIM?3, rmTIM?5, or rmTIM?6.

• Source

  Monoclonal Rat IgG    _2A Clone # 344823

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human TIM?3    
  Ser22-Arg200    
  Accession # Q8TDQ0.2

• Formulation

  Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 647

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  5 μL/10    ⁶ cells

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Protect from light.    Do not freeze.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.

Background: TIM-3

TIM-3 (T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain-3), also known as HAVCR2, is a 60 kDa member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules. TIMs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins with one Ig-like V-type domain and a Ser/Thr-rich mucin stalk region (1, 2). Mature human TIM-3 consists of a 181 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 78 aa cytoplasmic tail (3). An alternatively spliced isoform is truncated within the mucin-like stalk. Within the ECD, human TIM-3 shares 58% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat TIM-3. TIM-3 is up?regulated on several populations of activated myeloid cells (macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, microglia, and mast cells) and T cells (Th1, CD8  ⁺, NK, and Treg) (3-10). Its binding to Galectin-9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti-tumor immunity (11). TIM-3 ligation attenuates CD8  ⁺ and Th1 cell responses (11-13) and promotes the activity of Treg and myeloid derived suppressor cells (8, 11, 13, 14). In addition, dendritic cell-expressed TIM-3 dampens inflammation by enabling the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and the cross-presentation of apoptotic cell antigens (4). It also binds the alarmin HMGB1, thereby preventing the activation of TLRs in response to released tumor cell DNA (7). TIM-3 interactions with Galectin-9 can alternatively trigger immune stimulatory effects, such as the coactivation of NK cell cytotoxicity (10).

• References:

1. Sakuishi, K. et al. (2011) Trends Immunol. 32:345.

2. Anderson, A.C. (2012) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24:213.

3. Monney, L. et al. (2002) Nature 415:536.

4. Nakayama, M. et al. (2009) Blood 113:3821.

5. Anderson, A.C. et al. (2007) Science 318:1141.

6. Wiener, Z. et al. (2007) J. Invest. Dermatol. 127:906.

7. Chiba, S. et al. (2012) Nat. Immunol. 13:832.

8. Sanchez-Fueyo, A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1093.

9. Ndhlovu, L.C. et al. (2012) Blood 119:3734.

10. Gleason, M.K. et al. (2012) Blood 119:3064.

11. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.

12. Sakhdari, A. et al. (2012) PLoS ONE 7:e40146.

13. Sabatos, C.A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1102.

14. Dardalhon, V. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:1383.

• Long Name:

  T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-3

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  84868 (Human); 171285 (Mouse); 102141722 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

• Alternate Names:

  CD366; FLJ14428; HAVCR2; HAVcr-2; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; kidney injury molecule-3; T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3; T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3; TIM 3; TIM3 T-cell membrane protein 3; TIM3; TIM-3; TIMD-3; TIMD3KIM-3