• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to agglutinate human red blood cells. Hadari, Y.R.     et al. (2000) J. Cell Sci.     113:2385. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 5?20 μg/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Ala2-Ile264

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ala2

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  27.3 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Galectin-3

Galectin-3, also known as Mac-2, L29, CBP35, and epsilon BP, is classified as a chimeric member of the Galectin superfamily and contains one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a nonlectin domain (1, 2). Mature mouse Galectin-3 shares 80% and 86% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with human and rat Galectin-3, respectively. Galectin-3 is a 26 kDa protein that can be nuclear, cytoplasmic, or secreted (3, 4). Nuclear Galectin-3 can modulate gene expression, while cytosolic Galectin-3 can inhibit apoptosis and can participate in exocytosis, Caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and macrophage-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells (5-7). Extracellular Galectin-3 has been shown to form high-order oligomers that promote the cross-linking of cell surface oligosacchraides as well as integrin-dependent cell adhesion and apoptosis (8-11). Galectin-3 contributes to the innate immune response against   Candida albicans and   Streptococcus pneumoniae, and it can facilitate acute inflammatory responses via neutrophil activation and opsonization, macrophage recruitment, and mast cell activation (12-14). Galectin-3 can also contribute to chronic inflammation and fibrosis (15). It is implicated in neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system, cardiac fibrosis, and heart failure, as well as tumor growth, progression, and metastasis (16-18).

• References:

1. Robertson, M.W. et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29:8093.

2. Elola, M.T. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:1679.

3. Haudek, K.C. et al. (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1800:181.

4. Hughes, R.C. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1473:172.

5. Krzeslak, A. and A. Lipinska (2004) Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 9:305.

6. Dumic, J. et al. (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1760:616.

7. Sano, H. et al. (2003) J. Clin. Invest. 112:389.

8. Ahmad, N. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:10841.

9. Friedrichs, J. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:32264.

10. Wen, Y. et al. (2006) J. Cell. Biochem. 98:115.

11. Zhuo, Y. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:22177.

12. Henderson, N.C. and T. Sethi (2009) Immunol. Rev. 230:160.

13. Kohatsu, L. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:4718.

14. Nieminen, J. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 180:2466.

15. Henderson, N.C. et al. (2008) Am. J. Pathol. 172:288.

16. Newlaczyl, A.U. and L.G. Yu (2011) Cancer Lett. 313:123.

17. Sherwi, N. et al. (2012) Future Cardiol. 8:885.

18. Shin, T. (2013) Acta Histochem. 115:407.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3958 (Human); 16854 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  AGE-R3; Carbohydrate-binding protein 35; CBP 35,35 kDa lectin; CBP35; GAL3; Gal-3; galactin-3; Galactose-specific lectin 3; Galactoside-binding protein; GALBPCBP35; Galectin3; Galectin-3; GALIG; IgE-binding protein; L29; L31; L-31; Laminin-binding protein; Lectin L-29; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3; LGALS2; LGALS3; Mac-2 antigen; Mac-2; MAC2GAL3