• Purity

  >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Recombinant Mouse PD-1 Fc Chimera at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Recombinant Mouse B7?H1/PD?L1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # ) with an ED    ₅₀ of 0.16-0.8 μg/mL.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived

  Mouse PD-1 (Leu25-Gln167) Accession # Q02242	IEGRMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Leu25

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  43 kDa (monomer)

• SDS-PAGE

  66 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: PD-1

Programmed Death-1 receptor (PD-1), also known as CD279, is type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28 family of immune regulatory receptors (1). Other members of this family include CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, and BTLA (2-5). Mature mouse PD-1 consists of a 149 amino acid (aa) extracellular region (ECD) with one immunoglobulin-like V-type domain, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 98 aa cytoplasmic region. The mouse PD-1 ECD shares 65% aa sequence identity with the human PD-1 ECD. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important for mediating PD-1 signaling. PD-1 acts as a monomeric receptor and interacts in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) (6, 7). PD?1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells while PD-L1 expression is constitutive on the same cells and also on nonhematopoietic cells such as lung endothelial cells and hepatocytes (8, 9). Ligation of PD-L1 with PD-1 induces  
co-inhibitory signals on T cells promoting their apoptosis, anergy, and functional exhaustion (10). Thus, the PD-1:PD-L1 interaction is a key regulator of the threshold of immune response and peripheral immune tolerance (11). Finally, blockade of the PD-1: PD-L1 interaction by either antibodies or genetic manipulation accelerates tumor eradication and shows potential for improving cancer immunotherapy (12, 13).

• References:

1. Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887.

2. Sharpe, A.H. and G. J. Freeman (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:116.

3. Coyle, A. and J. Gutierrez-Ramos (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:203.

4. Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:265.

5. Watanabe, N et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:670.

6. Zhang, X. et al. (2004) Immunity 20:337.

7. Lázár-Molnár, E. et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:10483.

8. Nishimura, H et al. (1996) Int. Immunol. 8:773.

9. Keir, M.E. et al. (2008) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26:677.

10. Butte, M.J. et al. (2007) Immunity 27:111.

11. Okazaki, T. et al. (2013) Nat. Immunol. 14:1212.

12. Iwai, Y. et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 12293.

13. Nogrady, B. (2014) Nature 513:S10.

• Long Name:

  Programmed Death-1

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  5133 (Human); 18566 (Mouse); 301626 (Rat); 486213 (Canine); 102123659 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

• Alternate Names:

  CD279 antigen; CD279; hPD-1; PD-1; PD1hPD-l; PDCD1; programmed cell death 1; programmed cell death protein 1; Protein PD-1; SLEB2